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Pilot study for the treatment of sodium and fluoride-contaminated groundwater by using high-pressure membrane systems

Xiaomao WANG,Hongwei YANG,Zhenyu LI,Shaoxia YANG,Yuefeng XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 155-163 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0740-3

摘要: High-pressure membrane process is one of the cost-effective technologies for the treatment of groundwater containing excessive dissolved solids. This paper reports a pilot study in treating a typical groundwater in Huaibei Plain containing excessive sodium, sulfate and fluoride ions. Three membrane systems were set up and two brands of reverse osmosis (RO), four low-pressure RO (LPRO) and one tight nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested under this pilot study. An apparent recovery rate at about 75% was adopted. Cartridge filtration, in combination with dosing antiscalent, was not sufficient to reduce the fouling potential of the raw water. All RO and LPRO systems (except for the two severely affected by membrane fouling) demonstrated similar rejection ratios of the conductivity (~98.5%), sodium (~98.5%) and fluoride (~99%). Membrane fouling substantially reduced the rejection performance of the fouled membranes. The tight NF membrane also had a good rejection on conductivity (95%), sodium (94%) and fluoride (95%). All membranes rejected sulfate ion almost completely (more than 99%). The electricity consumptions for the RO, LPRO and NF systems were 1.74, 1.10 and 0.72 kWh?m treated water, respectively. The estimated treatment costs by using typical RO, LPRO and tight NF membrane systems were 1.21, 0.98 and 0.96 CNY?m finished water, respectively. A treatment process consisting of either LPRO or tight NF facilities following multi-media filtration was suggested.

关键词: reverse osmosis (RO)     nanofiltration (NF)     water quality standards     sodium     fluoride     cost estimation    

适于低成本嵌入式硬件的2R-1C模型非迭代参数估计 Article

Mitar SIMIĆ, Zdenka BABIĆ, Vladimir RISOJEVIĆ, Goran M. STOJANOVIĆ

《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第21卷 第3期   页码 476-490 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900112

摘要: 2R-1C模型的参数估计常运用需要高性能处理单元的迭代方法,从而激励我们研究更省时且更节能的参数估计方法。这些低复杂度的算法将更适于便携式微机设备的运行。本文提出二次插值非迭代参数估计方法(QINIPE);该方法基于测量阻抗虚部的二次插值,能够更精确地估计特征频率。运用一组封闭表达式从测量阻抗的实部和虚部计算2R-1C模型的参数。对仿真和测量获得的模型阻抗数据作对比分析;结果表明,相较于我们早前提出的非迭代参数估计方法(NIPE),QINIPE能减少80%测量点,且所有估计参数的相对估计误差低于1%。两种非迭代方法均基于一个微机设备实施;检测了估计精度、RAM、闪存使用以及运行时间。实验结果表明,相较于NIPE,QINIPE轻微增加了0.576 ms运行时间(约6.7%),且需要多24%(1.2 KB)闪存及多2.4%(32字节)RAM。然而,QINIPE的阻抗均方根误差分别降低至NIPE对应的42.8%(实部)和64.5%(虚部)。此外,比较了QINIPE和复杂非线性最小二乘法(CNLS)对2R-1C模型参数的估计。结果表明,虽然QINIPE估计精度稍低于CNLS,其依然适合许多实际应用,且运行时间降至原来的1/45至1/30。

关键词: 2R-1C模型;嵌入式系统;参数估计;非迭代方法;二次型    

Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 17-26 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0369-3

摘要: Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index (IRI) data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program specific pavement studies 3 (SPS-3) to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.

关键词: pavement preservation     life-cycle cost analysis     agency cost     vehicle operation cost    

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 311-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0205-7

摘要:

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofol-remifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.

关键词: general anesthesia     economics     cost    

Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

《能源前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要: The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO2 footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO2/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO2/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO2 transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词: coal-to-liquid     carbon capture     utilization and storage (CCUS)     carbon footprint     levelized cost of liquid     lifecycle assessment    

Floating production storage and offloading systems’ cost and motion performance: A systems thinking application

Rini NISHANTH, Andrew WHYTE, V. John KURIAN

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 357-368 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018022

摘要:

Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units increasingly represent a practical and economic means for deep-water oil extraction and production. Systems thinking gives a unique opportunity to seek a balance between FPSO technical performance(s), with whole-cost; stakeholder decision-making is charged to align different fit-for-use design specification options’ that address technical-motion(s), with respective life-cycle cost analyses (LCCA). Soft system methodology allows situation based analyses over set periods-of-time by diagnosing the problem-at-hand; namely, assessing the antecedents of life-cycle cost relative to FPSO sub-component design alternatives. Alternative mooring- component comparisons for either new-build hulls or refurbished hulls represent an initial necessary consideration to facilitate extraction, production and storage of deep-water oil reserves. Coupled dynamic analysis has been performed to generate FPSO motion in six degrees of freedom using SESAM DeepC, while life-cycle cost analysis (LCAA) studies give net-present-value comparisons reflective of market conditions. A parametric study has been conducted by varying wave heights from 4 – 8 m to understand FPSO motion behavior in the presence of wind and current, as well as comparing the motions of turreted versus spread mooring design alternatives. LCCA data has been generated to compare the cost of such different mooring options/hull conditions over 10 and 25-year periods. Systems thinking has been used to explain the interaction of problem variables; resultantly this paper is able to identify explicit factors affecting the choice of FPSO configurations in terms of motion and whole-cost, toward assisting significantly with the front-end engineering design (FEED) phase of fit-for-purpose configured FPSOs, in waters off Malaysia and Australia.

关键词: FPSO     LCCA     spread/turret-mooring     DeepC     cost     motion     soft-systems    

Manufacturing cost constrained topology optimization for additive manufacturing

Jikai LIU, Qian CHEN, Xuan LIANG, Albert C. TO

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第14卷 第2期   页码 213-221 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0536-z

摘要: This paper presents a manufacturing cost constrained topology optimization algorithm considering the laser powder bed additive manufacturing process. Topology optimization for additive manufacturing was recently extensively studied, and many related topics have been addressed. However, metal additive manufacturing is an expensive process, and the high manufacturing cost severely hinders the widespread use of this technology. Therefore, the proposed algorithm in this research would provide an opportunity to balance the manufacturing cost while pursuing the superior structural performance through topology optimization. Technically, the additive manufacturing cost model for laser powder bed-based process is established in this paper and real data is collected to support this model. Then, this cost model is transformed into a level set function-based expression, which is integrated into the level set topology optimization problem as a constraint. Therefore, by properly developing the sensitivity result, the metallic additive manufacturing part can be optimized with strictly constrained manufacturing cost. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by numerical design examples.

关键词: topology optimization     manufacturing cost     additive manufacturing     powder bed    

Intelligent algorithm for optimal meter placement and bus voltage estimation in ring main distribution

L. RAMESH, N. CHAKRABORTY, S. P. CHOWDHURY

《能源前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 47-56 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0159-5

摘要: The advancement in power distribution system poses a great challenge to power engineering researchers on how to best monitor and estimate the state of the distribution network. This paper is executed in two stage processes. The first stage is to identify the optimal location for installation of monitoring instrument with minimal investment cost. The second stage is to estimate the bus voltage magnitude, where real time measurement is conducted and measured through identified meter location which is more essential for decision making in distribution supervisory control and data acquisition system (DSCADA). The hybrid intelligent technique is applied to execute the above two algorithms. The algorithms are tested with institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) and Tamil Nadu electricity board (TNEB) benchmark systems. The simulated results proves that the swarm tuned artificial neural network (ANN) estimator is best suited for accurate estimation of voltage with different noise levels.

关键词: artificial intelligence     power distribution control     state estimation    

Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control

Yang Deng

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1262-9

摘要: Abstract • Various low-cost adsorbents are studied for capturing urban stormwater pollutants. • Adsorbents are selected based on both pollutant adsorption and unexpected leaching. • Application modes of adsorbents influence their utilization efficacy in practice. Stormwater represents a major non-point pollution source at an urban environment. To improve the treatment efficacy of stormwater infrastructure, low-cost adsorbents have increasingly gained attention over the past decades. This article aims to briefly discuss several key aspects and principles for utilization of low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater treatment. To determine whether a low-cost adsorbent is suitable for stormwater treatment, two aspects should be carefully assessed, including: 1) its adsorption mechanisms and behaviors that can influence the binding stre.g.,h, adsorption kinetics, and treatment capacity; and 2) unwanted chemical leaching patterns that can affect the extent of water quality degradation. Furthermore, the application mode of an adsorbent in the system design influences the utilization efficiency. Adsorbents, after dosed to soil media in infrastructure, would eventually become ineffective after oversaturation. In contrast, standalone filters or innovative composite adsorbents (e.g., adsorbent-coated mulch chips) can enable a long-lasting adsorption due to periodic replacement with fresh adsorbents. The aforementioned principles play a key role in the success of urban stormwater treatment with low-cost adsorbents.

关键词: Urban stormwater     Runoff pollutants     Low-cost adsorbents     Adsorption     Chemical leaching    

Low-cost green building practice in China: Library of Shandong Transportation College

Yingxin ZHU, Borong LIN, Bin YUAN,

《能源前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 100-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0072-3

摘要: This paper introduces the design idea and technique utilized in the Library of Shandong Transportation College, which ranked 1st in the 2nd National Green Buildings Innovation Award in China in March 2007 due to its low cost and climate-oriented green strategy during its design and construction phase, including land saving, energy efficiency, water conservation, and so on. Originally, the place was a landfill site with an odor pool. After reconstruction, it was changed into the construction site of the library with an area of 7000m and a scenery pond. With the integrated use of passive shading, daylighting, ventilation with atriums, high-insulation materials, underground duct ventilation, and the substitution of cooling tower with the pond water, the HVAC load design indexes are 59 W/m and 21.8 W/m for space cooling and heating, respectively, much lower than the newly issued Chinese energy efficient design code for public buildings. Moreover, a set of measures is utilized for water conversation, material saving, and improvement of indoor environmental quality. After three years of operation, the real effect has been validated by electricity meter and field measurement. The total initial cost for the building with the above mentioned integrated technologies was only RMB 2150 per square meter, which was worth spending in China due to the climatic adaptability and the relative low cost.

关键词: green building     low cost technique     energy efficiency     integrated strategy    

Benefit-based cost allocation for residentially distributed photovoltaic systems in China: A cooperative

Xi LUO, Xiaojun LIU, Yanfeng LIU, Jiaping LIU, Yaxing WANG

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第2期   页码 271-283 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0083-7

摘要: Distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems have constantly been the key to achieve a low-carbon economy in China. However, the development of Chinese distributed PV systems has failed to meet expectations because of their irrational profit and cost allocations. In this study, the methodology for calculating the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for PV is thoroughly discussed to address this issue. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the optimal system operation strategy with a benefit analysis. An externality-corrected mathematical model based on Shapley value is established to allocate the cost of distributed PV systems in 15 Chinese cities between the government, utility grid and residents. Results show that (i) an inverse relationship exists between the LCOEs and solar radiation levels; (ii) the government and residents gain extra benefits from the utility grid through net metering policies, and the utility grid should be the highly subsidized participant; (iii) the percentage of cost assigned to the utility grid and government should increase with the expansion of battery bank to weaken the impact of demand response on increasing theoretical subsidies; and (iv) apart from the LCOE, the local residential electricity prices remarkably impact the subsidy calculation results.

关键词: solar photovoltaic     cost allocation     cooperative game theory     Shapley value     mixed-integer linear programming     levelized cost of energy    

An operating state estimation model for integrated energy systems based on distributed solution

Dengji ZHOU, Shixi MA, Dawen HUANG, Huisheng ZHANG, Shilie WENG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 801-816 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0687-y

摘要: In view of the disadvantages of the traditional energy supply systems, such as separate planning, separate design, independent operating mode, and the increasingly prominent nonlinear coupling between various sub-systems, the production, transmission, storage and consumption of multiple energy sources are coordinated and optimized by the integrated energy system, which improves energy and infrastructure utilization, promotes renewable energy consumption, and ensures reliability of energy supply. In this paper, the mathematical model of the electricity-gas interconnected integrated energy system and its state estimation method are studied. First, considering the nonlinearity between measurement equations and state variables, a performance simulation model is proposed. Then, the state consistency equations and constraints of the coupling nodes for multiple energy sub-systems are established, and constraints are relaxed into the objective function to decouple the integrated energy system. Finally, a distributed state estimation framework is formed by combining the synchronous alternating direction multiplier method to achieve an efficient estimation of the state of the integrated energy system. A simulation model of an electricity-gas interconnected integrated energy system verifies the efficiency and accuracy of the state estimation method proposed in this paper. The results show that the average relative errors of voltage amplitude and node pressure estimated by the proposed distributed state estimation method are only 0.0132% and 0.0864%, much lower than the estimation error by using the Lagrangian relaxation method. Besides, compared with the centralized estimation method, the proposed distributed method saves 5.42 s of computation time. The proposed method is more accurate and efficient in energy allocation and utilization.

关键词: integrated energy system     state estimation     electricity-gas coupling energy system     nonlinear coupling     distributed solution    

Bayes estimation of residual life by fusing multisource information

Qian ZHAO, Xiang JIA, Zhi-jun CHENG, Bo GUO

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2018年 第5卷 第4期   页码 524-532 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018034

摘要:

Residual life estimation is essential for reliability engineering. Traditional methods may experience difficulties in estimating the residual life of products with high reliability, long life, and small sample. The Bayes model provides a feasible solution and can be a useful tool for fusing multisource information. In this study, a Bayes model is proposed to estimate the residual life of products by fusing expert knowledge, degradation data, and lifetime data. The linear Wiener process is used to model degradation data, whereas lifetime data are described via the inverse Gaussian distribution. Therefore, the joint maximum likelihood (ML) function can be obtained by combining lifetime and degradation data. Expert knowledge is used according to the maximum entropy method to determine the prior distributions of parameters, thereby making this work different from existing studies that use non-informative prior. The discussion and analysis of different types of expert knowledge also distinguish our research from others. Expert knowledge can be classified into three categories according to practical engineering. Methods for determining prior distribution by using the aforementioned three types of data are presented. The Markov chain Monte Carlo is applied to obtain samples of the parameters and to estimate the residual life of products due to the complexity of the joint ML function and the posterior distribution of parameters. Finally, a numerical example is presented. The effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method are validated by comparing it with residual life estimation that uses non-informative prior. Then, its accuracy and correctness are proven via simulation experiments.

关键词: residual life estimation     Bayes model     linear Wiener process    

Thermal degradation kinetics and lifetime estimation for polycarbonate/polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane

Jiangbo WANG, Zhong XIN

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 167-171 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0006-y

摘要: The thermal degradation behaviors of polycarbonate/polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane (FRPC) composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under isothermal conditions in nitrogen atmosphere. The isothermal kinetics equation was used to describe the thermal degradation process. The results showed that activation energy ( ), in the case of isothermal degradation, was a quick increasing function of conversion (α) for polycarbonate (PC) but was a strong and decreasing function of conversion for FRPC. Under the isothermal condition, the addition of polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane (PMPSQ) retardanted the thermal degradation and enhanced the thermal stability of PC during the early and middle stages of thermal degradation. It also indicated a possible existence of a difference in nucleation, nuclei growth, and gas diffusion mechanism in the thermal degradation process between PC and FRPC. Meanwhile, the addition of PMPSQ influenced the lifetime of PC, but the composite still met the demand in manufacturing and application.

关键词: polycarbonate     polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane     thermal degradation kinetics     activation energy     lifetime    

Hierarchical parameter estimation of DFIG and drive train system in a wind turbine generator

Xueping PAN, Ping JU, Feng WU, Yuqing JIN

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 367-376 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0429-y

摘要:

A new hierarchical parameter estimation method for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and drive train system in a wind turbine generator (WTG) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the parameters of the DFIG and the drive train are estimated locally under different types of disturbances. Secondly, a coordination estimation method is further applied to identify the parameters of the DFIG and the drive train simultaneously with the purpose of attaining the global optimal estimation results. The main benefit of the proposed scheme is the improved estimation accuracy. Estimation results confirm the applicability of the proposed estimation technique.

关键词: wind turbine generator     DFIG     drive train system     hierarchical parameter estimation method     trajectory sensitivity technique    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Pilot study for the treatment of sodium and fluoride-contaminated groundwater by using high-pressure membrane systems

Xiaomao WANG,Hongwei YANG,Zhenyu LI,Shaoxia YANG,Yuefeng XIE

期刊论文

适于低成本嵌入式硬件的2R-1C模型非迭代参数估计

Mitar SIMIĆ, Zdenka BABIĆ, Vladimir RISOJEVIĆ, Goran M. STOJANOVIĆ

期刊论文

Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

期刊论文

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

期刊论文

Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

期刊论文

Floating production storage and offloading systems’ cost and motion performance: A systems thinking application

Rini NISHANTH, Andrew WHYTE, V. John KURIAN

期刊论文

Manufacturing cost constrained topology optimization for additive manufacturing

Jikai LIU, Qian CHEN, Xuan LIANG, Albert C. TO

期刊论文

Intelligent algorithm for optimal meter placement and bus voltage estimation in ring main distribution

L. RAMESH, N. CHAKRABORTY, S. P. CHOWDHURY

期刊论文

Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control

Yang Deng

期刊论文

Low-cost green building practice in China: Library of Shandong Transportation College

Yingxin ZHU, Borong LIN, Bin YUAN,

期刊论文

Benefit-based cost allocation for residentially distributed photovoltaic systems in China: A cooperative

Xi LUO, Xiaojun LIU, Yanfeng LIU, Jiaping LIU, Yaxing WANG

期刊论文

An operating state estimation model for integrated energy systems based on distributed solution

Dengji ZHOU, Shixi MA, Dawen HUANG, Huisheng ZHANG, Shilie WENG

期刊论文

Bayes estimation of residual life by fusing multisource information

Qian ZHAO, Xiang JIA, Zhi-jun CHENG, Bo GUO

期刊论文

Thermal degradation kinetics and lifetime estimation for polycarbonate/polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane

Jiangbo WANG, Zhong XIN

期刊论文

Hierarchical parameter estimation of DFIG and drive train system in a wind turbine generator

Xueping PAN, Ping JU, Feng WU, Yuqing JIN

期刊论文